Inside the “Vaccine Court”
A court with no judge, no jury and a controversial treatment of science takes center stage in the autism-vaccine debate.
Andrew Grant • July 25, 2008
![An unconventional court's rulings may determine how the public views the alleged autism-vaccines link. [Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]](https://scienceline.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/vaccine.jpg)
An unconventional court's rulings may determine how the public views the alleged autism-vaccines link. [Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]
To prove legal causation, the petitioner must present a medical theory that includes a “logical sequence of cause and effect showing the vaccine was the reason for the injury.” In essence, petitioners must prove that the vaccine best explains the injury, not that it definitively triggered it. Rather than relying on published data and scientific consensus, explanations of causation can also come from the testimony of medical expert witnesses called by the petitioners.
Offit, who is also the co-inventor of a rotavirus vaccine, calls these standards irrational, particularly the marginalizing of published scientific data in favor of expert testimony. “I’m sure you can find one to say the Earth is flat,” he says caustically. With this in mind, government lawyers have filed legal briefs urging the special masters to act as gatekeepers against unreliable science.
Dr. Marcel Kinsbourne, a pediatric neurologist and professor at The New School in New York who has testified on the behalf of families in the autism test cases, disagrees. “I turned down many cases because I didn’t feel there was enough evidence,” he says. “If a case is poor, the attorneys will not find experts.” He says the special masters can judge the credibility of evidence based on the witnesses’ level of expertise and experience.
One recent case serves as a model of the dichotomy between science and the vaccine court. In 2006, the court awarded 47-year-old Dorothy Werderitsh compensation for her multiple sclerosis that developed after receiving hepatitis B immunizations. Despite a detailed report by the Institute of Medicine concluding no evidence of causation, the court granted Werderitsh compensation based primarily on expert witness testimony.
This case clearly demonstrates the special masters’ willingness to abandon peer-reviewed science in making legal judgments, a principle critical to the autism petitioners’ chances. But to scientists like Offit, the case illustrates the major flaw in the court’s decision-making process—and a source of worry in awaiting the autism decisions.
While the Werderitsh verdict did not prompt a flurry of further hepatitis B-multiple sclerosis claims or a public outcry to skip the vaccine, the autism proceedings have garnered far more public attention. With the media trumpeting every new development, what will happen if the court’s decision breaks from scientific consensus, as it did with the Werderitsh case?
All 50 states require children to receive vaccinations prior to entering school, but 48 offer religious exemptions and 21 allow personal belief exemptions. A breakdown in the public’s confidence in vaccines, perhaps ignited by a vaccine court ruling, could lead to a sharp increase in deadly infectious diseases like measles. Curtis Allen, a spokesman for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, would not address the autism hearings but said “there are concerns over falling immunization rates.”
As of June 13, there were 78 confirmed cases of measles in the United States in 2008, compared to 43 all of last year. In the United Kingdom, where immunizations are not mandatory, the MMR vaccination rate has fallen to 86 percent. Measles incidence in England and Wales ballooned from 78 cases in 2005 to 971 last year.
Shu, the Atlanta pediatrician, hopes the special masters understand the public health consequences when they rule on the autism test cases. Many pediatricians noted a sharp increase in scared parents immediately following the Hannah Poling announcement, according to Shu. “I’m not confident, but I am optimistic that based on the public response, there will be a little more care going into these decisions,” she says.
But Robert Krakow, a lawyer who founded an advocacy group for children allegedly injured by mercury-containing vaccines and who represents about 100 autistic children in vaccine court, downplays the potential for a public health crisis. He says parents are already losing faith in vaccine safety because the government is providing “empty reassurances without accurate testing.”
Krakow, who filed his own claim on behalf of his autistic son, believes the petitioners have provided sufficient evidence to prove their case. “If we get a fair-minded decision we absolutely should win . . . but I’m a little bit dubious whether we’re going to get a fair result,” he says. While he believes the special masters will try to judge fairly, he foresees tremendous pressure from public health officials to deny these claims.
Nobody knows how the court will rule or what the public response would be if the special masters award compensation. But there is no doubt that tensions are building in the courtroom at the U.S. Court of Federal Claims in Washington, D.C. People on both sides of the debate are taking the autism trials extremely seriously.
“The proceedings have become much more militant,” says expert witness Kinsbourne. “Both sides see so much depending on the outcome.”
Related on Scienceline:
A primer on the science behind the vaccine-autism debate.
Two doctors’ lifelong quest for a malaria vaccine.
Blogs on Scienceline:
Making autism vaccines “green“?
Expert advice on autism from Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey.
34 Comments
Despite the motto on your website there is considerable gap between this article and science. There is plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury – you only have to look at the manfacturers’ leaflets, and no studies which show definitively that they cannot. In fact the claim was only ever that having the vaccine was a lesser risk than the disease, but the risk is going to increase if everyone gets dozens of vaccines as a matter of course – sometimes several at a time.
In fact there is huge scientific bias over this issue. If it does go wrong – and in the US the only redress is to go to court – how many case really come to light?
PS Mr Grant
On the basis of science why do you even have an opinion on the merits of any one of these cases?
Hi John,
I think this article was pointing out Kevin Conway’s position – which I’m sure you’ll agree is a rather remarkable one for someone trying to prove vaccines containing thiomersal, or MMR or a combination of both cause autism.
You say there is plenty in the literature to suggest vaccines can cause injury which is of course the absolute truth – and also not what is under discussion either in this article or in the Omnibus hearings. They are hearing the arguments to whether thiomersal containing vaccines, MMR vaccines or a combination of both caused autism.
There is nothing in the scientific literature to link autism aetiology to any vaccine, any vaccine component or any vaccine schedule. If you believe that there is such evidence, lets hear it.
I’m also curious to hear your idea elaborated on about scientific bias over this issue as it sounds a bit like your insinuating there’s a conspiracy going on?
John,
For several months now you have been suggesting that the evidence is at a tipping point to prove that vaccines are a cause of autism. In fact, your confidence seems to rise in inverse proportion to the amount of evidence that supports your position. There is no evidence of such a link. It is thoroughly discredited.
If you have any evidence, put it up.
Save your conspiracy theories for your anti-vaccine friends at the JABS forums.
Once again one of the anti-vaccination merchants of disease, disability and death pontificates that there is evidence to support the claim that something about vaccines cause autism. He claims that there is evidence. Wakefield had “evidence” that the MMR caused autism. His “evidence” was based on his ability to ignore the facts that the samples were contaminated. The other “evidence” comes from dubious sources such as the Geiers, Haley, et al. Their “studies” do not stand up to rigorous review, and are often published in non-peer reviewed journals or rags such as JPANDS.
And, note how John Stone goes right to criticizing the messenger instead of providing facts.
The author unfortunately misdirects the reader (due to his lack of scientific acumen?) with two particular statements that the 3 responders who attack John Stone seem also to have missed.
The first
“…’I agree that there is no scientific proof that vaccines cause autism,’ he says…….It may seem counterintuitive that the absence of scientific evidence isn’t enough to merit the dismissal of every one of the 5,000 autism cases pending in federal court, including all 1,200 of Conway’s.”
The equating of “scientific proof” with “scientific evidence”, indeed of “proof” with “evidence”, in the sentence is incorrect. There may be no definitive scientific proof but evidence certainly abounds in the analysis of vaccinations and ASDs.
The Second
“For scientists, evidence of causation can only result from carefully controlled, peer-reviewed clinical studies. The data would have to establish 95 percent confidence that such a link existed—in other words, science’s version of beyond a reasonable doubt. When it comes to vaccines and autism, an overwhelming majority of studies have found no such evidence. A 2004 report from the Institute of Medicine cited 19 large studies that found no link between autism and either the MMR vaccine or thimerosal.”
Equating CLINICAL studies with the 19 studies cited by the US IOM is incorrect. The 19 are in the main EPIDEMIOLOGICAL studies, not clinical studies and therefore have no basis for opining on causation.
I do not see any studies which show that thimerosal or MMR cannot cause autism. I do see studies – which look to me highly flawed – which suggest that they may not cause many cases, but it is not clear what bearing this could have on a vaccine court where they are deciding about individual cases. And I have not, for instance, seen anyone tackling the allegations I made against the Andrews study, which disregarded the leap in autism in N London synchronous with the introduction of the accelerated DPT schedule in 1990 (click on my name above for links).
Kevin’s misbehaviour over the Poling case has been documented here:
http://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2008/05/24/lies-damn-lies-and-blog-posts/
The reality is that the is unlikely to be a one-off – the US government conceded the case rather than let it be heard. Meanwhile, Kevin accuses the Poling family of sitting on the evidence.
What people like Mr Grant do, when they talk about “science”, is actually to talk about great vested interests and heavy-handed institutions. That this might all be about to unravel was suggested by former NIH director Bernardine Healy on CBS news:
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/05/12/cbsnews_investigates/main4086809.shtml
John you may not see any studies that show that vaccines cannot cause autism. I equally do not see any studies that show that hopping on one leg cannot cause autism.
Now, your answer above seems a very long winded way of saying that despite ‘There is plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ you can’t actually tell us about any that relates to autism. If there is ‘plenty’ your job should be easy.
I’m not sure what my ‘misbehaviour’ is or why you are suddenly deciding to disappear down that side road. I’d be happy to explain the Poling case to you and why no one has actually conceded anything. Or maybe after you find this ‘plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ you can find and link to where the word ‘concede’ appears in any court statement relative to Hannah Poling.
But we can go down that road later John. First I want to hear your ‘plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ that relates to autism. Oh and your bias theory would be good to hear about too.
Many thanks.
Autism is simply a term from the psychiatric DSM-IV manual. It’s nothing but a smokescreen. It provides an alibi for the drug companies who added mercury to vaccines at levels 250 times higher than hazardous waste levels (based on toxicity characteristics). It provides an alibi for the CDC, FDA, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the other drug company cronies who are responsible for the safety of our children. It provides an alibi for the people who administered this poison. It provides an alibi for health insurance companies so they don’t have to pay for treatment for these sick kids. It provides an alibi for psychiatrists so they can force powerfull anti-psychotic drugs on these kids who are already terribly messed up.
There will never be an identifiable cause for autism. There are though 11 published papers listed in pubmed which identify the underlying medical condition of autism as neuroinflammatory disease. My favorite is “Neuroglial activation and Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Patients with Autism”. This work was done at John Hopkins University. Now, the debate is whether mercury, a known neurotoxin, added to childhood vaccines at levels 250 times higher than what the EPA identifies as hazardous waste, causes degenerative brain disease? Do you want to debate whether brain damaged kids behave in a way so that some psychiatrist can label them as somewhere on the “spectrum”?
Andrew Grant wrote: “In the wake of the recent ruling that vaccines contributed to 9-year-old Hannah Poling’s autism…” However, the judge did not “rule” in this case. Instead, after a review of the evidence, HHS conceded that Hannah Poling’s autism symptoms were likely to have been induced by her incident of multiple vaccinations at one time. Andrew Grant is invited to revise his rhetoric in accord with the HHS concession.
Kev
I have already provided the link which documents your elaborate distortions of the Poling case, but here it is again in case you missed it the first time.
http://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2008/05/24/lies-damn-lies-and-blog-posts/
I note that no one seems very keen to discuss the rise in autism incidence in N London between the birth cohorts of 1989 and 1991, most particularly not Elizabeth Miller, Brent Taylor and Nick Andrews (not to mention Kevin, Anthony – of the UK medicines licensing authority yellow card scheme – and Probe).
http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/88/8/666#2773
Excellent points by Principled, Gregg and Teresa.
John Stone has conflated the fact that vaccines do cause injury, disability and even death with the “hypothesis” that they might cause autism.
Nobody disputes the straw-man argument that vaccines cause injuries – the issue is whether vaccines cause autism.
The same can be said about arguments that “mercury, a known neurotoxin” causes autism. We happen to know, from centuries of sad experience, what mercury can do to the brain. Autism is not one of those things. Again, knowing that mercury can cause brain injury is not the same as showing that it can cause autism.
The other blatant straw-man is the argument that there are no studies showing that vaccines don’t cause autism. True enough. There are also no studies showing that it wasn’t the rapid increase in soya bean consumption that led to the rise in autism diagnosis.
Based on that sort of “reasoning”, the large number of epidemiological studies that fail to link autism with vaccines should raise our concerns that autism is caused by soy products. Or cell phones. Or any number of things that also have not been definitively shown to not cause autism and – for that matter – have no studies that fail to show such a link.
If there were studies showing that vaccines do cause autism, I assume that Mr. Stone would have directed us to them. Unfortunately, there are no such studies, only tangential and tantalizing bits of information that point to how vaccines might possibly cause autism, if it were ever shown that they do (which, to be redundant, has not been shown).
Prometheus
I don’t know about fire, but certainly loads of hot air there, I am afraid.
Hey Andrew, Kev, Orac, TheProbe, Promethius, Ms. Clark, NotMercury, Do’c, Pal, etc., whats up with this;
In a June 27, 2008 Autism Omnibus Proceeding (OAP) conference, attorneys for the DHHS announced that they were withdraw- ing two key written reports and any state- ments which relied on those reports.
Those key reports, written by two world-renowned toxicologists (Dr. Laszlo Magos, formerly from the Medical Research Council Labora- tories, England, and Dr. Thomas Clarkson, from the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA), were the toxicological pillars underpinning the government’s claim that Thimerosal does not cause autism.
On July 3, 2008, the three OAP Special Masters recorded that they had granted the DHHS’ request to withdraw the expert reports of Drs. Magos and Clarkson. In addition, their court order[1] stated: “… respondent would be permitted to withdraw any reliance on those two expert reports, and that we would not consider those reports at all in resolving those test cases.”
Are you kidding? Once again, the Vaccine Court did not settle the Hanah Poling case. It was conceded by the government: Dept of Health and Human Services before it could go before the vaccine court. If you don’t understand the vital difference here, don’t blather on about it.
John, I didn’t ask for the link to my ‘elaborate distortions’ (which are neither elaborate, nor distortions), I asked if you’d like me to explain to you the bits you didn’t get.
I note that no one seems very keen to discuss the rise in autism incidence in N London between…blah blah
Tell you what John, I’ll discuss it as much as you like immediately after you provide this ‘plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ (autism) and after you elaborate on your ‘bias’ point. I’ve asked you politely three times now – anyone would think you weren’t very keen to discuss it.
I invite Teresa (or anyone else) to link through to the HHS document that states that:
…after a review of the evidence, HHS conceded that Hannah Poling’s autism symptoms were likely to have been induced by her incident of multiple vaccinations at one time.
In fact, a document from HHS regarding Hannah Poling that includes the word ‘concede’ would be a start.
Hey Gregg – whats up with this?
The Petitioners in the Autism Omnibus hearings seemingly withdrew four of its highest profile experts to support the various claims that say that vaccines cause autism. The experts are James B Adams, Mark Robin Geier, Boyd E Haley and Andrew J Wakefield. The ‘New’ experts are those we recognise from the testimony offered thus far. Indeed, this reporter can find no further mention of Adams, Geier, Haley or Wakefield as expert witnesses for the petitioners.
Drs. Adams, Geier, Haley and Wakefield were apparently unwilling or unable to testify about the substance of their beliefs and ‘science, leaving only the report and testimony of Dr. Asphosian.
A quick check of the official Autism Omnibus docket shows that the word ‘concede’ originates with one Thomas B Powers, part of the petitioners legal team. It has never, as far as I can see, been used by HHS or even the Special Masters. Here’s the section in question:
Within the past week we learned that respondent is conceding in one of the potential cases [Poling] that vaccines caused the “significant aggravation” of an underlying condition. That concession places the Poling case in procedural posture that makes it inappropriate as a test case for hearing in May 2008.
As we now know, that underlying condition was mitochondrial in nature. And as we also all know, no one has raised significant doubt that Hannah Poling’s vaccines cause her some injuries. What is in doubt – as it has never been claimed by anyone aside from the Poling’s – is that Hannah Poling’s vaccines caused her to develop autism. Even Jon Polings co-author (John Shoffner) in the case study he did on his daughter that lists all the symptoms resulting from vaccine injury said:
Jon Poling, says Shoffner, has been “muddying the waters” with some of his comments. “There is no precedent for that type of thinking and no data for that type of thinking,” Shoffner says.
Sorry, the reference for the Shoffner quote is SciAm.
Kevin
It is just semantic games, isn’t it? I am not sure why anything you say now is more credible than what you said before:
http://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2008/05/24/lies-damn-lies-and-blog-posts/
I do not see anything which has happened which closes the issue of whether vaccine causes autism, but I do see certain people trying to shut the lid on the argument, and I can see no logical or scientific grounds for this.
Semantic games John? The only person who seems to be playing games is the person who still, after four times of asking, cannot backup their own statements. Thats you John, in case you wondered.
Its really simple. I’m not suggesting any evidence here that closes the issue of whether vaccines cause autism. I am doing two things:
1) Asking you to back up your statement in your first comment that ‘There is plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ (autism).
2) Declaring that there is no evidence at all for a causative link between any vaccine, any vaccine ingredient or any schedule of giving vaccines and autism.
As for my credibility John, well, maybe the fact that I can reference everything I say whereas you still can’t reference the content of your first comment here might give you an inkling as to credibility. All you’ve done after that is post the same URL three times and avoid the issues that you raised and I’m asking you to provide evidence of (that ‘There is plenty in the literature to suggest that vaccines can cause injury’ (autism)).
I’d also like to suggest to you that maybe John Shoffner – who co-authored the Poling case study and who is a mito specialist – might have a little bit more insight than you into Hannah Poling’s medical status.
Kevin
Can we actually say that the kind of brain injury could never include the symptoms of autism? What evidence do we have for that?
You say there is no evidence for the mechanisms but that is exactly one of the issues that the court is trying to determine. You, however, are certain from the start. Of course it does not help if the US government is trying to suppress the evidence by conceding cases. It doesn’t matter whether the word “concede” was first used by Thomas Powers, they “threw in the towel”, gave up..It doesn’t matter what you call it, that’s what they did.
John, you can wriggle around the issues as much as you like. I’m simply asking you to back up the statements you presented as facts with evidence. You can’t. Thats fine, but a more realistic person would start to think that maybe they had certain things wrong.
Whatever. I’m bored of coming back to this thread to find more prevaracation and avoidance. When you can answer the questions I put to you, please drop me an email.
Kev
All the evasion is yours. You cannot get round the fact – misrepresented also by this article – that the US government conceded in the Poling case. To argue that it didn’t happen because the word “concede” was first used by a member of the petitioner’s legal team is just a pathetic smoke-screen.
Kev, provide evidence from the Omnibus documentation to back up this second statement of yours. Otherwiswe you have no credibilty.
“John, you can wriggle around the issues as much as you like. I’m simply asking you to back up the statements you presented as facts with evidence.”
“The Petitioners in the Autism Omnibus hearings seemingly withdrew four of its highest profile experts to support the various claims that say that vaccines cause autism. The experts are James B Adams, Mark Robin Geier, Boyd E Haley and Andrew J Wakefield.”
No scientific proof.”MMR” “Ecephalitis” Is in the injury table as a possible side affect from the vaccine.What is autism? My child was diagnosed with it after his MMR. All of his symptoms are right there under aids to interpretation for the vaccine injury table under encephalitis but the docters call it autism is that a fancy name to get away from having to aknowledge that they have been harmed by the vaccines.
I read a lot of hot air in these comments. Is mercury poisonous or not? If the answer is yes, then the only question is: How much does it take to poison? And in actuality it doesn’t really matter what type of mercury we are talking about. Another question: Has Thimerosal ever been tested by acceptable standards? I know the answer for that one. Thimerosal has never gone through any acceptable drug trials. Thimerosal was grandfathered in. So much for the credibility of any studies that prove or disprove Thimerosal’s toxicity. All studies mentioned in these comments are epidemiological; I have read them all. So far I have not seen a single, unbiased, study that proves that Thimerosal is harmless. Want of evidence does not mean that there might not be evidence. It only means it has not been found.
My last comment is. Let’s hear about all those studies that prove Thimerosal is harmless. It is unethical to test a known toxin on children. There are studies showing that Thimerosal is toxic. That’s why Thimerosal was taken out of animal vaccines a long time ago. And one more, why use Thimerosal when there are so many people wasting so much time talking about this subject who could instead use this time to invent a preservative that does not contain mercury.
Science does matter, and I hope the three special masters are up to the task of finding justice for those unfortunate autistic chidren and not beholden to pharma.
MMR NOT ONLY SAFE, IT ALSO HELPS REMEDIATE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
from – Randy Crawford 3701 Second St. #10 Coralville, Iowa 52241 (319)400-2837
randycrawford52241@hotmail.com rancrawfo@hotmail.com
The federal vaccine court is to be congratulated for ruling Feb. 12, 2009 MMR does NOT cause autism and other diseases. I have been using dozens and dozens of repeated doses of MMR for years, because it is the only thing that will alleviate my autoimmune disease processes. I know from direct experience that MMR is completely safe and free from side effects. It is effective to alleviate autoimmune disease, and works best when injected every day for weeks at a time. MMR works even better when given with other live virus vaccines like varicella and yellow fever. The stories that mercury combines with MMR in some weird way is also demonstrably false, because when I took a dozen tetanus-diptheria shots with thimerosal the same days I got MMR, there were no side effects either. When kids get sick about the time of getting a vaccine, it’s only an event that would have happened anyway and had nothing to do with the shot– like with a million people watching TV today some will have heart attacks next week, but the heart attacks would have happened anyway and had nothing to do with watching TV the week beforehand. Now that the courts have ruled intelligently, doctors don’t have to be paranoid about using MMR and they can help more people with multiple MMR injections. And that’s good for people who need relief from autoimmune disease. MMR works against autoimmune disease by acting as an immunodistractant to down-modulate eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and other leukocytes.
Gee..Randy Crawford can think all he wants to about the love of vaccines..sounds more like science fiction. Getting back to this issue of vaccines..PROMETHEUS say’s “Knowing that mercury can cause brain injury is not the same as showing it can cause autism”. So a parent takes their toddler to a recommended doctor to be diagnosed by visual testing and the word ‘autism’ mild to severe is the opinion of the doctor. The word autism stays with the child under the umbrella of mental disorders. To be labled with autism with no ‘real tests’, just visual, seems to be a guess instead of What is wrong and What caused it. If testing shows that the mercury is high and measles virus very high..is that autism? Not every parent has the financial means or health insurance to have many doctors look at the child or even test the child for various hidden problems that may be the cause or combined cause with vaccines. I feel autism is a misused word among doctors and the health agencies of the government.
Also, why did they (DHHS) not state WHAT vaccines ‘activated’ the Poling girl’s underling problem causing autism. I am not saying the vaccines did not contribute to her problem..just that the DHHS made a decision without explaining how they got to this result.
I still have thoughts as to why the DHHS said they were going to withdraw the 2 key reports from the case. Wonder what the reports had to say?? HMMMMM
Autism is indeed proffered somewhat cavalierly these days. Doctors used to take tonsils out all the time because it was the accepted fad of the day. It also provided for a tidy income, and generally made no difference one way or the other. So, who’s to know as long as the doctors’ bank accounts benefitted? Autism is high on the current fad list, and it makes tidy sums for those who diagnose it in order to enable more money to be made when it is later treated. As Daniel Boone observed: as soon as lawyeers started settling the frontier, the rate of lawsuits being filed tended to rise rather dramatically. And, as I demonstrated above, attributing autism to vaccines is about as dubious a situation.
With autism once being 1, or 2 per 10,000, but in some areas of the world, has now reached 1, in 150, even 1, in 67, vaccination seems the only common denominator. It would be probable for a statitician to explore the spread of vaccines in any or all parts of the world, and then the spread of autism. I once read a story about the spread of sugar and then the rise in diabetes. You don’t hear much about that today either, sugar producers, like vaccine producers have likely lobbied against releasing info that would harm their bottom line. Its all TOBACCO SCIENCE, who cares about harming people when their is money to be made. Its THE AMERICAN WAY!
The ultimate dichotomy. Two sides lining up their armies, both believing God is on their side (or the new god, medical science). A court ruling although inspiring and important cannot be used as a basis for declaring victory, and neither can science. Much is not understood. This dichotomy creates a dilemma of uncooperation, truth is sacrificed by the need to win. Surely as vaccines are known to have side effects, some side effects are less known. Vaccine experts have conceded they don’t know how human immune systems work. Then how do they gauge a vaccine’s effect? How can they, with any certainty state they are completely and utterly sure vaccines don’t cause autism? They don’t know, thats the truth. They are protecting their reputations and their profit-making products, they are not making sound judgments based on science, because the ultimate science of vaccine related side-effects does not yet exist. Our dichotomy is at present, precluding the true search for that knowledge.
I think the admin of this web page is genuinely working hard in favor of his web site, as here every
material is quality based data.